Spain has decided to close its airspace to all aircraft participating in US and Israeli operations against Iran.
According to a report by El País, Madrid is not allowing the use of the military bases in Rota and Morón by fighter jets or refuelling aircraft involved in the strikes, nor the passage of related flights through Spanish airspace. The restriction also applies to US aircraft operating from third countries such as France or the United Kingdom.
Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez had already signalled the decision during a speech in the Spanish parliament, stating that the government refused to allow the use of the bases for what he described as an “illegal” war. Spain has rejected all flight plans linked to operations against Iran, including those involving refuelling aircraft.
Exception Only in Emergency Situations
The only exception concerns emergency situations, where aircraft may be allowed to pass through Spanish airspace or land if necessary. At the same time, the bases continue to be used for other missions covered by the bilateral agreement between Spain and the United States, such as supporting US forces stationed in Europe.
However, the restriction has a direct impact on military operations, as it limits the ability of bombers to refuel during long-distance missions.
Before the outbreak of the conflict, Washington had reportedly explored the possibility of deploying B-52 and B-1 bombers to Spanish bases. Madrid made clear it would not participate in operations without legal authorisation from international organisations such as the United Nations, NATO or the European Union, leading to the plan being withdrawn.
The decision also led to the removal of around 15 refuelling aircraft from the Rota and Morón bases, which were relocated to other European countries.
Operational Impact on Iran-Related Missions
Spain’s decision has practical consequences for the ongoing conflict in the Middle East. US bombers are now required to adjust their routes and operate from bases such as RAF Fairford in the United Kingdom, with refuelling support coming from locations in France or the Azores.
This increases the complexity and cost of operations while reducing the flexibility of military movements.
Despite rejecting direct participation in the strikes, Spain continues to meet its commitments within NATO and the European Union. US warships based in Rota are involved in air defence missions, while Spanish forces contribute to the protection of allied countries, including Turkey and Cyprus.
Madrid is therefore attempting to maintain a delicate balance: rejecting direct involvement in a war it considers legally questionable while avoiding a rupture with its allies.
With information from El País.