The Cyprus Gastroenterology Society has issued a public awareness message on colorectal cancer, stressing the importance of prevention and early diagnosis, marking European Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month. The initiative is supported by pharmaceutical company Medochemie and the Cyprus Medical Association. In Cyprus, colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer, with approximately 350 to 400 new cases recorded annually. Despite its prevalence, it is a disease that can be effectively prevented and treated, particularly when diagnosed at an early stage.
Risk factors and rising incidence
Colorectal cancer develops in the large intestine or rectum and, in most cases, begins as small benign growths known as polyps, which may develop into cancer over time. At a European level, it is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths.
While the exact causes are not fully understood, key risk factors include unhealthy diet, obesity, lack of physical activity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, family history, the presence of polyps and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Recent years have seen an increase in cases among younger individuals, a trend linked primarily to changes in lifestyle and dietary habits. The disease frequently presents no symptoms in its early stages. When symptoms do occur, they may include rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, anaemia or low iron levels, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, weakness and abdominal pain. The absence of early symptoms makes preventive screening particularly important.
Screening and treatment
Colonoscopy remains the most reliable method for both prevention and diagnosis, as it allows for the detection and removal of polyps before they develop into cancer. Additional diagnostic tools include blood tests, stool tests and imaging examinations. Treatment depends on the stage of the disease and may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or targeted therapies. When diagnosed early, the chances of successful treatment are very high.
Recommendations to the public
The Cyprus Gastroenterology Society urges the public to adopt healthy habits and prioritise prevention:
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Follow a balanced diet rich in fibre
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Engage in regular physical activity
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Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption
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Maintain a healthy body weight
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Undergo preventive screening with colonoscopy from the age of 50, or earlier for high-risk individuals
Colorectal cancer can be prevented and effectively treated. Awareness, prevention and early diagnosis are critical factors in protecting health and saving lives. For further information and guidance, the public is encouraged to consult their doctor or a specialist gastroenterologist.