Children's use of artificial intelligence is evolving so rapidly that parents, teachers and policymakers are struggling to keep pace, child protection experts said during a discussion at the Cyprus Forum in Nicosia.
Rodoula Papalambrianou, scientific coordinator of Hope For Children, warned that many children use AI tools without fully understanding the associated risks, while adults often lack the knowledge needed to guide them effectively.
Speaking during a panel on AI and participation in the digital age, Papalambrianou said the key policy question is whether access to AI should be restricted for younger users or whether children should be allowed to use such tools under strong safeguards and with appropriate education.
She supported the latter approach.
"It's not so much about restricted access or exclusion, but about educating children in the skills and use of artificial intelligence," she said.
According to Papalambrianou, the organisation's work shows that many children have little awareness of the risks linked to digital applications and emerging technologies. She said the problem is compounded by a tendency among young users to trust technology and accept information without questioning it.
The need for education therefore extends beyond children themselves.
"Teachers and parents need to be trained themselves and develop their skills so that they can help children," she said.
Technology's double edge
Papalambrianou said AI presents both opportunities and challenges. While the technology can support safety efforts and improve access to information, it can also create new risks when used irresponsibly.
She said professionals working with children regularly encounter cases in which misuse of technology has left young people exposed to harmful situations.
Particular attention should be given to vulnerable groups, including children with intellectual disabilities, those who have experienced social exclusion and unaccompanied minors, she said.
A single protection framework may not be sufficient for all children, she added, noting that users with different abilities and life experiences may interpret digital platforms and AI-generated information in very different ways.
Chatbots viewed as trusted friends
One of the strongest themes to emerge from the discussion was the growing emotional role of chatbot technology in children's lives.
According to Papalambrianou, many children describe chatbots as a "trusted friend" or a constantly available adult figure ready to listen and respond to their emotional needs.
She warned that this sense of availability and trust could create significant challenges.
"What is missing is the human factor, which cannot and should not be replaced," she said.
She stressed that human responsibility must remain central to decisions affecting children, regardless of technological advances.
The discussion also examined possible age restrictions on AI use. Participants questioned how stricter limits could affect children who have already been using AI applications for several years.
Papalambrianou said that while inclusion and participation should remain guiding principles, robust safeguards are essential.
"We should include them, integrate them, even in participation concerning design. But there certainly must be safeguards and that is non-negotiable," she said.
