A new international study published in The Journal of Positive Psychology suggests that the answer to what makes societies happy lies not only in personal success or individual fulfilment but also in social conditions that promote trust, solidarity and care for others.
Researchers analysed data from more than 97,000 people in 66 countries, examining over 200 social and psychological factors linked to happiness and life satisfaction.
Freedom and equality
The study found that societies which respect human rights, promote gender equality and embrace diversity tend to report higher levels of collective happiness.
Interestingly, people who actively campaign for these values do not necessarily become happier themselves, but they contribute to creating a healthier and more supportive social environment for others.
Trust in knowledge, science and democracy
A second pillar identified by researchers is trust in knowledge, science and democratic institutions.
Societies that encourage critical thinking, value scientific evidence and support civic participation appear to generate greater wellbeing, both individually and collectively.
Meeting basic human needs
Another key factor is ensuring access to basic necessities, including food, housing, healthcare and economic security.
When people feel that their fundamental needs are being met, they report significantly higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction.
Confidence in institutions
Trust in institutions, including the justice system, also emerged as an important factor.
The perception that institutions function effectively and fairly strengthens feelings of security and stability, contributing to overall wellbeing.
Social relationships
One of the study's most notable findings concerns close social relationships.
While strong ties with family members and neighbours tend to increase personal happiness, societies that rely exclusively on these circles are not necessarily happier overall.
Researchers suggest that when trust is confined to a narrow social network, prejudice towards outsiders may develop, undermining wider social cohesion.
Happiness is a collective achievement
The study's central message is that a happy society is not simply the sum of happy individuals.
Personal wellbeing remains important, but it is not sufficient on its own. Equality, freedom, trust, effective institutions and a commitment to the common good create the conditions that allow larger numbers of people to flourish.
According to the researchers, the more a society invests in solidarity, justice, trust and mutual respect, the greater the likelihood that its citizens will enjoy a better quality of life and a deeper sense of wellbeing.
